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Create a certificate

December 13, 2018
Contributed by:  S

A certificate authority (CA) is an entity that issues digital certificates for use in public key cryptography. Certificates issued or signed by a CA are automatically trusted by applications, such as web browsers, that conduct SSL transactions. These applications maintain a list of the CAs that they trust. If the certificate being used for the secure transaction is signed by any of the trusted CAs, the application proceeds with the transaction.

To obtain an SSL certificate from an authorized CA, you must create a private key, use that key to create a certificate signing request (CSR), and submit the CSR to the CA. The only special characters allowed in the file names are underscore and dot.

To import an existing certificate and key, see Import a Certificate.

Create a private key

The private key is the most important part of a digital certificate. By definition, this key is not to be shared with anyone and should be kept securely on the NetScaler appliance. Any data encrypted with the public key can be decrypted only by using the private key.

The appliance supports two encryption algorithms, RSA and DSA, for creating private keys. You can submit either type of private key to the CA. The certificate that you receive from the CA is valid only with the private key that was used to create the CSR, and the key is required for adding the certificate to the NetScaler appliance.

Caution: Be sure to limit access to your private key. Anyone who has access to your private key can decrypt your SSL data.

All SSL certificates and keys are stored in the /nsconfig/ssl folder on the appliance. For added security, you can use the Data Encryption Standard (DES) or triple DES (3DES) algorithm to encrypt the private key stored on the appliance.

Note:

The length of the SSL key name allowed includes the length of the absolute path name if the path is included in the key name.

Create an RSA private key by using the CLI

At the command prompt, type:

create ssl rsakey <keyFile> <bits> [-exponent ( 3 | F4 )] [-keyform (DER | PEM )]

Example:

create rsakey testkey 2048 -exponent F4 -keyform PEM

Create an RSA private key by using the GUI

Navigate to Traffic Management > SSL and, in the SSL Keys group, select Create RSA Key, and create an RSA key.

Create a DSA private key by using the CLI

At the command prompt, type:

create ssl dsakey <keyfile> <bits> [-keyform (DER | PEM)]

Example:

create ssl dsakey Key-DSA-1 2048 -keyform PEM

Create a DSA private key by using the GUI

Navigate to Traffic Management > SSL and, in the SSL Keys group, select Create DSA Key, and create a DSA key.

Support for SHA 256 digest algorithm in a certificate signing request

The certificate signing request (CSR) is a collection of information, including the domain name, other important company details, and the private key to be used to create the certificate. To avoid generating an invalid certificate, make sure that the details you provide are accurate.

The NetScaler appliance supports creating a CSR signed with the SHA1 digest algorithm by default. In earlier releases, to create a CSR signed with the SHA256 digest algorithm, you had to use OpenSSL.

The appliance supports creating a CSR signed with the SHA256 digest algorithm. The encryption hash algorithm used in SHA256 makes it stronger than SHA1.

Create a certificate signing request by using the CLI

At the command prompt, type:

create ssl certreq <reqFile> -keyFile <input_filename> | -fipsKeyName <string>) [-keyForm (DER | PEM) {-PEMPassPhrase }] -countryName <string> -stateName <string> -organizationName <string> -organizationUnitName <string> -localityName <string> -commonName <string> -emailAddress <string> {-challengePassword } -companyName <string> -digestMethod ( SHA1 | SHA256 )

Example:

create ssl certreq priv_csr_sha256 -keyfile priv_2048_2 -keyform PEM -countryName IN -stateName Karnataka -localityName Bangalore -organizationName Citrix -organizationUnitName NS -digestMethod SHA256

Create a certificate signing request by using the GUI

  1. Navigate to Traffic Management > SSL.
  2. In SSL Certificate, click Create Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
  3. In Digest Method, select SHA256.

Submitting the CSR to the CA

Most CAs accept certificate submissions by email. The CA will return a valid certificate to the email address from which you submit the CSR.

Generate a test certificate

Note:

To generate a server test certificate, see Generating a Server Test Certificate.

The NetScaler appliance has a built-in CA tools suite that you can use to create self-signed certificates for testing purposes.

Caution: Because these certificates are signed by the NetScaler appliance itself, not by an actual CA, you must not use them in a production environment. If you attempt to use a self-signed certificate in a production environment, users receive a “certificate invalid” warning each time the virtual server is accessed.

The appliance supports creation of the following types of certificates

  • Root-CA certificates
  • Intermediate-CA certificates
  • End-user certificates
    • server certificates
    • client certificates

Before generating a certificate, create a private key and use that to create a certificate signing request (CSR) on the appliance. Then, instead of sending the CSR out to a CA, use the NetScaler CA Tools to generate a certificate.

Create a certificate by using a wizard

  1. Navigate to Traffic Management > SSL.
  2. In the details pane, under Getting Started, select the wizard for the type of certificate that you want to create.
  3. Follow the instructions on the screen.

Create a root-CA certificate by using the CLI

At the command prompt, type the following command:

create ssl cert <certFile> <reqFile> <certType> [-keyFile <input_filename>] [-keyform ( DER | PEM )] [-days <positive_integer>]

In the following example, csreq1 is the CSR and rsa1 is the private key that was created earlier.

Example:

create ssl cert cert1 csreq1 ROOT_CERT -keyFile rsa1 -keyForm PEM -days 365

  Done

Create an intermediate-CA certificate by using the CLI

create ssl cert <certFile> <reqFile> <certType> [-keyFile <input_filename>] [-keyform ( DER | PEM )] [-days <positive_integer>] [-certForm ( DER | PEM )] [-CAcert <input_filename>] [-CAcertForm ( DER | PEM )] [-CAkey <input_filename>] [-CAkeyForm ( DER | PEM )] [-CAserial <output_filename>]

In the following example, csr1 is the CSR created earlier. Cert1 and rsakey1 are the certificate and corresponding key of the self-signed (root-CA) certificate, and pvtkey1 is the private key of the intermediate-CA certificate.

Example:

create ssl cert certsy csr1 INTM_CERT -CAcert cert1 -CAkey rsakey1 -CAserial 23


Done

create ssl rsakey pvtkey1 2048 -exponent F4 -keyform PEM

Create a root-CA certificate by using the GUI

Navigate to Traffic Management > SSL and, in the Getting Started group, select Root-CA Certificate Wizard, and configure a root CA certificate.

Create an intermediate-CA certificate by using the GUI

Navigate to Traffic Management > SSL and, in the Getting Started group, select Intermediate-CA Certificate Wizard, and configure an intermediate CA certificate.

Create an end-user certificate

An end-user certificate can be a client certificate or a server certificate. To create a test end-user certificate, specify the Intermediate CA certificate or the self-signed root-CA certificate.

Note: To create an end-user certificate for production use, specify a trusted CA certificate and send the CSR to a certificate authority (CA).

Create a test end-user certificate by using the CLI

create ssl cert <certFile> <reqFile> <certType> [-keyFile <input_filename>] [-keyform ( DER | PEM )] [-days<positive_integer>] [-certForm ( DER | PEM )] [-CAcert <input_filename>] [-CAcertForm ( DER | PEM )] [-CAkey<input_filename>] [-CAkeyForm ( DER | PEM )] [-CAserial <output_filename>]

If there is no intermediate certificate, use the certificate (cert1) and private key (rsakey1) values of the root-CA certificate in CAcert and CAkey.

Example:

create ssl cert cert12 csr1 SRVR_CERT -CAcert cert1 -CAkey rsakey1 -CAserial 23

Done

If there is an intermediate certificate, use the certificate (certsy) and private key (pvtkey1) values of the intermediate certificate in CAcert and CAkey.

Example:

create ssl cert cert12 csr1 SRVR_CERT -CAcert certsy -CAkey pvtkey1 -CAserial 23

Done

Create a certificate

December 13, 2018
Contributed by:  S

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