Linux Virtual Delivery Agent

Administrar la implementación mediante Ansible

August 20, 2024

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Ansible ayuda a automatizar el proceso de implementación de aplicaciones, configuraciones y actualizaciones en toda la implementación. En este artículo se ofrecen instrucciones paso a paso sobre el uso de Ansible para administrar la implementación con eficiencia.

Paso 1: Determinar qué implementar

Antes de empezar, identifique lo que necesita implementar, como aplicaciones, servicios, configuraciones y variables de entorno.

Paso 2: Configurar el proyecto de Ansible

Cree una estructura de directorios para su proyecto de Ansible. Una forma crucial de organizar el contenido de sus playbooks es con la función “roles” de Ansible. Para obtener más información, consulte Roles en la documentación de Ansible.

A continuación, se muestran dos ejemplos de estructuras de directorios para referencia:

Ejemplo de estructura de directorios 1

production                # inventory file for production servers
staging                   # inventory file for staging environment

group_vars/
   group1.yml             # here we assign variables to particular groups
   group2.yml
host_vars/
   hostname1.yml          # here we assign variables to particular systems
   hostname2.yml

library/                  # if any custom modules, put them here (optional)
module_utils/             # if any custom module_utils to support modules, put them here (optional)
filter_plugins/           # if any custom filter plugins, put them here (optional)

site.yml                  # master playbook
webservers.yml            # playbook for webserver tier
dbservers.yml             # playbook for dbserver tier

roles/
    common/               # this hierarchy represents a "role"
        tasks/            #
            main.yml      #  <-- tasks file can include smaller files if warranted
        handlers/         #
            main.yml      #  <-- handlers file
        templates/        #  <-- files for use with the template resource
            ntp.conf.j2   #  <------- templates end in .j2
        files/            #
            bar.txt       #  <-- files for use with the copy resource
            foo.sh        #  <-- script files for use with the script resource
        vars/             #
            main.yml      #  <-- variables associated with this role
        defaults/         #
            main.yml      #  <-- default lower priority variables for this role
        meta/             #
            main.yml      #  <-- role dependencies
        library/          # roles can also include custom modules
        module_utils/     # roles can also include custom module_utils
        lookup_plugins/   # or other types of plugins, like lookup in this case

    webtier/              # same kind of structure as "common" was above, done for the webtier role
    monitoring/           # ""
    fooapp/               # ""
 

Ejemplo de estructura de directorios 2

inventories/
   production/
      hosts               # inventory file for production servers
      group_vars/
         group1.yml       # here we assign variables to particular groups
         group2.yml
      host_vars/
         hostname1.yml    # here we assign variables to particular systems
         hostname2.yml

   staging/
      hosts               # inventory file for staging environment
      group_vars/
         group1.yml       # here we assign variables to particular groups
         group2.yml
      host_vars/
         stagehost1.yml   # here we assign variables to particular systems
         stagehost2.yml

library/
module_utils/
filter_plugins/

site.yml
webservers.yml
dbservers.yml

roles/
    common/
    webtier/
    monitoring/
    fooapp/
 

Paso 3: Configurar su inventario

Defina su archivo de inventario (inventory.ini). Por lo general, un archivo de inventario enumera los hosts que quiere administrar con Ansible, junto con los detalles necesarios, como los nombres de los hosts, las direcciones IP y la pertenencia a grupos. Por ejemplo:

# Hostname and ip address
[UBUNTU2004]
<ip address>
[UBUNTU2204]
<ip address>
[RHEL8]
<ip address>
[RHEL9]
<ip address>
[DEBIAN11]
<ip address>
[DEBIAN12]
<ip address>
[SUSE15]
<ip address>

[all:children]
UBUNTU2004
UBUNTU2204
RHEL8
RHEL9
DEBIAN11
DEBIAN12
SUSE15

[all:vars]
ansible_user=<ansible execute user e.g root>
ansible_password=<>
ansible_ssh_common_args='-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no'
 

Paso 4: Crear playbooks de Ansible

Cree playbooks (archivos.yml) para automatizar las tareas de implementación. La sección proporciona ejemplos de playbooks para automatizar diferentes tareas de implementación.

Ejemplo de playbook para aplicar parches a distribuciones de Linux

Para aplicar parches a varias distribuciones de Linux con Ansible, puede crear un playbook YAML denominado “patch-for-different-distribution.yml” y rellenar el archivo con tareas similares a las siguientes. La directiva hosts define los hosts de destino del inventario (inventory.ini en este contexto) a los que se dirige la ejecución de las tareas del playbook.

- name: Upgrade and Reboot RHEL & Debian family Linux distros
  hosts: <host1,host2,host3>  # replace with your actual hosts in the inventory file.
  vars:
    reboot_connect_timeout: 5
    reboot_post_reboot_delay: 15
    reboot_timeout: 600
  tasks:
    # Upgrade RHEL family OS packages
    - name: Upgrade RHEL Family OS packages
      ansible.builtin.yum:
        name: '*'
        state: latest
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "7"

    # Upgrade RHEL family OS packages
    - name: Upgrade RHEL Family OS packages
      ansible.builtin.yum:
        name: '*'
        state: latest
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "8"

    # Upgrade RHEL family OS packages
    - name: Upgrade RHEL Family OS packages
      ansible.builtin.yum:
        name: '*'
        state: latest
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "9"

    # Ubuntu Family upgrade
    - name: Update repositories cache
      apt:
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Ubuntu"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "20"

    - name: Update all packages to their latest version
      apt:
        name: "*"
        state: latest
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Ubuntu"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "22"

    # Debian Family upgrade
    - name: Upgrade the OS (apt-get dist-upgrade)
      apt:
        upgrade: dist
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "11"

    - name: Upgrade the OS (apt-get dist-upgrade)
      apt:
        upgrade: dist
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "12"

    # Reboot after upgrade
    - name: Reboot host
      reboot:
        connect_timeout: ""
        post_reboot_delay: ""
        reboot_timeout: ""
 

Ejemplo de playbook para instalar entornos .NET

El siguiente playbook de ejemplo instala diferentes versiones de entornos .NET en las distribuciones de Linux específicas.

- name: Install dotnet runtime environment on Linux distros
  hosts: <host1,host2,host3>  # replace with your actual hosts in the inventory file.
  tasks:
    # Install dotnet runtime environment on RHEL7
    - name: Enable the rhel-7-server-dotnet-rpms repository
      command: subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-dotnet-rpms
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "7"

    - name: Install dotnet runtime environment on RHEL7
      ansible.builtin.yum:
        name: rh-dotnet60-aspnetcore-runtime-6.0
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "7"

    - name: Remove /usr/bin/dotnet if it exists
      file:
        path: /usr/bin/dotnet
        state: absent

    - name: Create a symbolic link
      file:
        src: /opt/rh/rh-dotnet60/root/usr/lib64/dotnet/dotnet
        dest: /usr/bin/dotnet
        state: link

    # RHEL8 linux vda install dotnet runtime environment
    - name: Install dotnet-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.dnf:
        name: dotnet-runtime-8.0
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "8"

    - name: Install aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.dnf:
        name: aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "8"

    # RHEL9 linux vda install dotnet runtime environment
    - name: Install dotnet-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.dnf:
        name: dotnet-runtime-8.0
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "9"

    - name: Install aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.dnf:
        name: aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "9"

    # Ubuntu20.04 linux vda install dotnet runtime environment
    - name: Register Microsoft key and feed
      shell: |
        wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/packages-microsoft-prod.deb -O packages-microsoft-prod.deb
        dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb
        rm packages-microsoft-prod.deb
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Ubuntu"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "20"

    - name: Install dotnet-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        name: dotnet-runtime-8.0
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Ubuntu"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "20"

    - name: Install aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        name: aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Ubuntu"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "20"

    # Ubuntu22.04 linux vda install dotnet runtime environment
    - name: Install dotnet-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        name: dotnet-runtime-8.0
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Ubuntu"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "22"

    - name: Install aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        name: aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Ubuntu"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "22"

    # Debian11 linux vda install dotnet runtime environment
    - name: Register Microsoft key and feed
      shell: |
        wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/11/packages-microsoft-prod.deb -O packages-microsoft-prod.deb
        dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb
        rm packages-microsoft-prod.deb
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "11"

    - name: Install dotnet-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        name: dotnet-runtime-8.0
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "11"

    - name: Install aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        name: aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "11"

    # Debian12 linux vda install dotnet runtime environment
    - name: Register Microsoft key and feed
      shell: |
        wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/12/packages-microsoft-prod.deb -O packages-microsoft-prod.deb
        dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb
        rm packages-microsoft-prod.deb
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "12"

    - name: Install dotnet-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        name: dotnet-runtime-8.0
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "12"

    - name: Install aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        name: aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "12"

    # Sles15 linux vda install dotnet runtime environment
    - name: Register Microsoft key and feed
      shell: |
        sudo rpm -Uvh https://packages.microsoft.com/config/sles/15/packages-microsoft-prod.rpm
        sudo ln -s /etc/yum.repos.d/microsoft-prod.repo /etc/zypp/repos.d/microsoft-prod.repo
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "SLES"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "15"

    - name: Install dotnet-runtime-8.0
      community.general.zypper:
        name: dotnet-runtime-8.0
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "SLES"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "15"

    - name: Install aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
      community.general.zypper:
        name: aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
        state: present
        update_cache: yes
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "SLES"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "15"

    # Amazon2 linux vda install dotnet runtime environment
    - name: Install dotnet-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.yum:
        name: dotnet-runtime-8.0
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Amazon"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "2"

    - name: Install aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
      ansible.builtin.yum:
        name: aspnetcore-runtime-8.0
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Amazon"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "2"
 

Ejemplos de playbooks para actualizar Linux VDA

Para automatizar las actualizaciones de versión de Linux VDA mediante Ansible, puede crear dos playbooks independientes. Un playbook, como get_the_build.yml, está dedicado a descargar y transferir el paquete de Linux VDA a las máquinas de destino (hosts). El otro playbook, por ejemplo linux_upgrade.yml, contiene tareas diseñadas para actualizar la versión del Linux VDA en las máquinas de destino mediante el paquete descargado anteriormente.

Ejemplo de playbook get_the_build.yml

- hosts: localhost
  name: Get the latest release build to local
  vars:
    build_url: <linux vda download link>  # replace with your actual value.
    local_tmp: "/tmp/"  # replace with your actual value.
    remote_tmp: "/tmp/"  # replace with your actual value.
    linuxvda_file_name : "linux vda rpm/deb file name" # replace with your actual value.
  tasks:
  - name: Download the file
    get_url:
      url: ""
      dest: ""
    tags:
      - get


- hosts: <host1,host2,host3>  # replace with your actual hosts in the inventory file.
  name: Copy a file to remote location
  tasks:
  - name: Copy vda to the remote machine
    ansible.builtin.copy:
      src: ""
      dest: ""
      remote_src: no
    tags:
      - copy
 

Ejemplo de playbook linux_upgrade.yml

- name: Upgrade Linux VDA and Reboot RHEL & Debian Linux distros
  hosts: <host1,host2,host3>  # replace with your actual hosts in the inventory file.
  vars:
    remote_tmp: "/path/to/remote/tmp"  # replace with your actual path
    rhel7_file_name: "rhel7_file.rpm"  # replace with your actual file name
    rhel8_file_name: "rhel8_file.rpm"  # replace with your actual file name
    rhel9_file_name: "rhel9_file.rpm"  # replace with your actual file name
    ubuntu2004_file_name: "ubuntu2004_file.deb"  # replace with your actual file name
    ubuntu2204_file_name: "ubuntu2204_file.deb"  # replace with your actual file name
    debian11_file_name: "debian11_file.deb" # replace with your actual file name
    debian12_file_name: "debian12_file.deb" # replace with your actual file name
    suse15_file_name: "suse15_file.deb" # replace with your actual file name
    amazon2_file_name: "amazon2_file.rpm" # replace with your actual file name
  tasks:
    # Upgrade RHEL linux vda packages
    - name: Upgrade RHEL7 linux vda packages
      ansible.builtin.yum:
        name: ""
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "7"

    # Upgrade RHEL linux vda packages
    - name: Upgrade RHEL8 linux vda packages
      ansible.builtin.yum:
        name: ""
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "8"

    # Upgrade RHEL linux vda packages
    - name: Upgrade RHEL9 linux vda packages
      ansible.builtin.yum:
        name: ""
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "RedHat"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "9"

    # Ubuntu20.04 linux vda upgrade
    - name: Ubuntu20.04 linux vda upgrade
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        deb: ""
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Ubuntu"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "20"

    - name: Ubuntu22.04 linux vda upgrade
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        deb: ""
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Ubuntu"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "22"

    # Debian Linux VDA upgrade
    - name: Debian11 Linux VDA upgrade
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        deb: ""
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "11"

    - name: Debian12 Linux VDA upgrade
      ansible.builtin.apt:
        deb: ""
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "12"

    # Sles15 Linux VDA upgrade
    - name: Sles15 Linux VDA upgrade
      community.general.zypper:
        name: ""
        state: present
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "SLES"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "15"

    # Amazon2 Linux VDA upgrade
    - name: Amazon2 Linux VDA upgrade
      ansible.builtin.yum:
        name: ""
      when:
        - ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Amazon"
        - ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "2"
    # Reboot after upgrade
    - name: Reboot host
      reboot:
        connect_timeout: ""
        post_reboot_delay: ""
        reboot_timeout: ""
 

Ejemplo de playbook para montar un servidor de sistema de archivos de red (NFS) como directorio de inicio

En el siguiente ejemplo, el playbook monta un servidor NFS como directorio de inicio en los hosts de destino:

- hosts: <host1,host2,host3>  # replace with your actual hosts in the inventory file.
  vars:
    nfs_server = <nfsserver ip address> # replace with your actual values
    mount_points = /home/<domain realm>/user1,/home/<domain realm>user2  # replace with your actual values
    nfs_shares = user1,user2  # replace with your actual values
    owners = user1,user2   # replace with your actual values
    groups = group1,group2  # replace with your actual values
  tasks:
    - name: Enable NFS as home directory
      ansible.builtin.command:
        cmd: "/opt/Citrix/VDA/bin/ctxreg create -k 'HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Citrix' -t 'REG_DWORD' -v 'CheckUserHomeMountPoint' -d '0x00000001' --force"
      register: result
      failed_when: result.rc != 0
      check_mode: no

    - name: Mount NFS shares
      ansible.builtin.mount:
        path: ""
        src: ":"
        fstype: nfs
        opts: rw,nolock
        state: mounted
      loop: ""

    - name: Set owner, group and mode for NFS client paths
      ansible.builtin.file:
        path: ""
        owner: ""
        group: ""
        mode: ""
      loop: ""
 

Ejemplos de playbooks para la ejecución remota de comandos

Ejemplo de playbook para modificar los parámetros de Registro

- hosts: <host1,host2,host3>  # replace with your actual hosts in the inventory file.
  vars:
    registry_key: "your_registry_key"      #  E.g. registry_key = HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\Wds\icawd
    registry_type: "your_registry_type"    #  E.g. registry_type = REG_DWORD
    registry_value: "your_registry_value"  #  E.g. registry_value = AdaptiveScalingEnabled
    registry_data: "your_registry_data"    #  E.g. registry_data = 0x00000000
  tasks:
  - name: Execute AdaptiveScaling redirection script
    ansible.builtin.command:
      cmd: "/opt/Citrix/VDA/bin/ctxreg create -k "" -t "" -v "" -d "" --force"
    register: result
    failed_when: result.rc != 0
    check_mode: no
 

Ejemplo de playbook para bloquear la versión secundaria de RHEL

- hosts: <host1,host2,host3>  # replace with your actual hosts in the inventory file.
  vars:
    rhel_minor_version: "9.3"  # replace with your actual minor version such as 9.3, 8.8
  tasks:
    - name: Lock system to a specific minor version
      ansible.builtin.command:
        cmd: "subscription-manager release --set="
      register: result
      failed_when: "'Error' in result.stderr"
 

La versión oficial de este contenido está en inglés. Para mayor comodidad, parte del contenido de la documentación de Cloud Software Group solo tiene traducción automática. Cloud Software Group no puede controlar el contenido con traducción automática, que puede contener errores, imprecisiones o un lenguaje inadecuado. No se ofrece ninguna garantía, ni implícita ni explícita, en cuanto a la exactitud, la fiabilidad, la idoneidad o la precisión de las traducciones realizadas del original en inglés a cualquier otro idioma, o que su producto o servicio de Cloud Software Group se ajusten a cualquier contenido con traducción automática, y cualquier garantía provista bajo el contrato de licencia del usuario final o las condiciones de servicio, o cualquier otro contrato con Cloud Software Group, de que el producto o el servicio se ajusten a la documentación no se aplicará en cuanto dicha documentación se ha traducido automáticamente. Cloud Software Group no se hace responsable de los daños o los problemas que puedan surgir del uso del contenido traducido automáticamente.

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Administrar la implementación mediante Ansible

August 20, 2024

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