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Create an AWS catalog

November 19, 2024
Contributed by: 
C C

Create machine catalogs describes the wizards that create a machine catalog. The following information covers details specific to AWS virtualization environments.

Note:

Before creating an AWS catalog, you need to finish creating a connection to AWS. See Connection to AWS.

Limitation

From Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops 2203 LTSR and later, MCS AWS plug-in makes DescribeInstanceTypes AWS API call and if that succeeds, then MCS uses the inventory name created from the API response.

Therefore, when you upgrade from CVAD 1912 to 2203 or later, disable the DefineInstanceType permission on AWS, and then update the existing catalog using Set-ProvScheme command to match the AWS naming scheme. Then, add the DescribeInstanceType permissions back after catalog update is complete and the service offering matches AWS naming scheme.

Network setting during image preparation

During image preparation, a preparation virtual machine (VM) is created based on the original VM. This preparation VM is disconnected from the network. To disconnect the network from the preparation VM, a network security group is created to deny all inbound and outbound traffic. This network security group persists and is reused. The network security group’s name is Citrix.XenDesktop.IsolationGroup-GUID, where GUID is randomly generated.

Configure AWS tenancy

AWS provides the following tenancy options:

  • Shared tenancy (the default type): Multiple Amazon EC2 instances from different customers might reside on the same piece of physical hardware.
  • Dedicated tenancy: Your EC2 instances run only on hardware with other instances that you have deployed. Other customers do not use the same piece of hardware.

You can use MCS to provision AWS dedicated hosts by using PowerShell.

Configure AWS dedicated host tenancy using PowerShell

You can create a catalog of machines with host tenancy defined through PowerShell.

An Amazon [EC2] dedicated host is a physical server with [EC2] instance capacity that is fully dedicated, allowing you to use existing per-socket, or per-VM software licenses.

Dedicated hosts have preset utilization based on instance type. For example, a single allocated dedicated host of C4 Large instance types is limited to running 16 instances. See the AWS site for more information.

The requirements for provisioning to AWS hosts include:

  • An imported BYOL (bring your own license) image (AMI). With dedicated hosts, use and manage your existing licenses.
  • An allocation of dedicated hosts with sufficient utilization to satisfy provisioning requests.
  • enable auto-placement.

To provision to a dedicated host in AWS using PowerShell, use the New-ProvScheme cmdlet with the parameter TenancyType set to Host.

Refer to the Citrix Developer Documentation for more information.

Capture machine properties from AMIs

When you create a catalog to provision machines using Machine Creation Services (MCS) in AWS, you select an AMI to represent the master/golden image of that catalog. From that AMI, MCS uses a snapshot of the disk. In previous releases, if you wanted roles or tags on your machines you would use the AWS console to set them individually. This functionality is enabled by default.

Tip:

To use AWS instance property capturing, you must have a VM associated with the AMI.

To improve this process, MCS reads properties from the instance from which the AMI was taken and applies the Identity Access Management (IAM) role and tags of the machine to the machines provisioned for a given catalog. When using this optional feature, the catalog creation process finds the selected AMI source instance, reading a limited set of properties. These properties are then stored in an AWS Launch Template, which is used to provision machines for that catalog. Any machine in the catalog inherits the captured instance properties.

Captured properties include:

  • IAM roles – applied to provisioned instances.
  • Tags - applied to provisioned instances, their disk, and NICs. These tags are applied to transient Citrix resources, including: S3 bucket and objects, and AMIs, snapshots, and launch templates.

Tip:

The tagging of transient Citrix resources is optional and is configurable using the custom property AwsOperationalResourcesTagging.

Capture the AWS instance property

You can use this feature by specifying a custom property, AwsCaptureInstanceProperties, when creating a provisioning scheme for an AWS hosting connection:

New-ProvScheme -CustomProperties "AwsCaptureInstanceProperties,true" …<standard provscheme parameters

Refer to the Citrix Developer Documentation for more information.

Note:

The AwsCaptureInstanceProperties is deprecated. We recommend using machine profiles to specify machine properties for VMs instead.

Capture machine properties from machine profiles

When creating a catalog to provision AWS machines using MCS, you can use a machine profile to preset certain machine property settings.

To do so, follow these steps:

  1. Store the machine profiles in the same availability zone as the resources where you are creating this catalog.
  2. On the Machine Template page of the catalog creation wizard, select Use a machine profile. Machine profiles that are located in the same available zone as the resources you selected are shown.
  3. Select a machine profile as needed.

Note:

You can use either a machine profile or an AMI to capture machine properties. In Web Studio, when you select Use a machine profile, the Apply machine template properties to virtual machines option is automatically hidden.

Tag AWS operational resource

When creating a catalog to provision machines in AWS by using MCS, you can control whether to apply the IAM role and tag properties to those machines. You can also control whether to apply machine tags to operational resources.

An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) represents a type of virtual appliance used to create a virtual machine within the Amazon Cloud environment, commonly referred to as EC2. You use an AMI to deploy services that use the EC2 environment. When you create a catalog to provision machines using MCS for AWS, you select the AMI to act as the golden image for that catalog.

Important:

Creating catalogs by capturing an instance property and a launch template is required for using operational resource tagging.

To create an AWS catalog, you must first create an AMI for the instance you want to be the golden image. MCS reads the tags from that instance and incorporates them into the launch template. The launch template tags are then applied to all Citrix resources created in your AWS environment, including:

  • Virtual Machines
  • VM disks
  • VM network interfaces
  • S3 buckets
  • S3 objects
  • Launch templates
  • AMIs

Tag an operational resource

To use PowerShell to tag resources:

  1. Open a PowerShell window from the DDC host.
  2. Run the command asnp citrix to load Citrix-specific PowerShell modules.

To tag a resource for a provisioned VM, use the new custom property AwsOperationalResourcesTagging. The syntax for this property is:

New-ProvScheme -CustomProperties "AwsCaptureInstanceProperties,true; AwsOperationalResourcesTagging,true" …<standard provscheme parameters>

Copy tags on VMs

You can copy tags on NICs, and disks (Identity disk, write back cache disk, and OS disk) that are specified in the machine profile to newly created VMs in an MCS machine catalog. You can specify these tags in any of the machine profile sources (AWS VM instance or AWS launch template version). This feature is applicable to persistent and non-persistent machine catalogs and VMs.

Note:

  • On AWS EC2 console, you cannot see Tag Network Interfaces values under the Launch Template Version Resource Tags. However, you can run the PowerShell command aws ec2 describe-launch-template-versions --launch-template-id lt-0bb652503d45dcbcd --versions 12 to see the tag specifications.
  • If a machine profile source (VM or launch template version) has two network interfaces (eni-1 and eni-2), and eni-1 has tag t1 and eni-2 has tag t2, then the VM gets both the two network interfaces’ tags.

Create a catalog using a machine profile

You can use a machine profile to capture the hardware properties from an EC2 instance (VM) or launch template version and apply them to the provisioned machines. Properties that are captured can include, for example, EBS volume properties, instance type, EBS optimization, CPU options, tenancy type, hibernation capability and other supported AWS configurations.

You can use an AWS EC2 Instance (VM) or AWS launch template version as the machine profile input.

Note:

  • EBS volume properties are derived only from a machine profile.
  • MCS provisions VMs with Identity disks of GP3 volume type. As GP3 volume type is the cheapest option offered by AWS, this feature minimizes cost. The implementation is applicable only to the VMs added to a new catalog and new VMs added to an existing catalog. Existing VMs created before this feature will continue to have ID disks with GP2 volume type, unless the ID disk is reset.

Important considerations

The important considerations while creating an MCS machine catalog:

  • If you add machine hardware property parameters in the New-ProvScheme and Set-ProvScheme commands, then the values provided in the parameters overwrite the values in the machine profile.
  • If you set AwsCaptureInstanceProperties as true and do not set MachineProfile property, then only IAM roles and tags are captured.

  • You cannot set both AwsCaptureInstanceProperties and MachineProfile at the same time.

    **Note:

    The AwsCaptureInstanceProperties is deprecated.

  • If a machine profile is not provided, you must explicitly provide the values of the following properties:

    • Security Group
    • ENI or Virtual Network
  • You can enable AwsOperationalResourcesTagging only if you enable AwsCaptureInstanceProperties or specify a machine profile.

The important considerations after creating an MCS machine catalog:

  • You cannot change a catalog from machine profile-based to non-machine profile-based catalog.

Create a machine catalog using a machine profile

To create a machine catalog using a machine profile:

  1. Open a PowerShell window.
  2. Run asnp citrix* to load the Citrix-specific PowerShell modules.

  3. Create an identity pool if not already created. For example,

    New-AcctIdentityPool -IdentityPoolName idPool -NamingScheme ms## -Domain abcdf -NamingSchemeType Numeric
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  4. Run New-ProvScheme command. For example:

    New-ProvScheme -ProvisioningSchemeName demet-test-1
-HostingUnitUid aa633238-9xxd-4cf6-80e8-232a758a1xx1
-IdentityPoolUid 34d5b088-e312-416f-907d-16573xxxxxc4
-CleanOnBoot
-MasterImageVM 'XDHyp:\HostingUnits\cvad-test-scalestress\citrix-demet-ami.0 (ami-0ca813xxxxxx061ef).template'
-MachineProfile 'XdHyp:\HostingUnits\cvad-test-scalestress\us-east-1a.availabilityzone\machine-profile-instance i (i-0xxxxxxxx).vm'
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  5. Complete creating the catalog. For more information, see Citrix PowerShell SDK.

Update the machine profile

To update the machine profile on a catalog that was initially provisioned with a machine profile, do the following. You can also change the tenancy type and hibernation capability of the machine profile source while editing an MCS machine catalog.

  1. Run Set-ProvScheme command. For example,

    Set-ProvScheme `
-ProvisioningSchemeUid "<ID" `
-MachineProfile "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\abc\us-east-1a.availabilityzone\citrix-cvad-machineprofile-instance (i-0xxxxxxxx).vm"
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Create a catalog with launch template version

You can create an MCS machine catalog with a launch template version as a machine profile input. You can also update the input of a machine profile catalog from a VM to a launch template version and from a launch template version to a VM.

On the AWS EC2 console, you can provide the instance configuration information of a launch template along with version number. When you specify the launch template version as a machine profile input while creating or updating a machine catalog, the properties from that version of the launch template are copied to the provisioned VDA VMs.

The following properties can be provided using machine profile input or explicitly as parameters in New-ProvScheme or Set-ProvSchemecommands. If they are provided in New-ProvScheme or Set-ProvScheme commands, they take precedence over the machine profile values of these properties.

  • Service Offering
  • Networks
  • Security Groups
  • Tenancy Type

Note:

If service offering is not provided in the machine profile launch template or as a parameter in the New-ProvScheme command, you get an appropriate error.

To create a catalog using launch template version as a machine profile input:

  1. Open a PowerShell window.
  2. Run asnp citrix* to load the Citrix-specific PowerShell modules.

  3. Get the list of launch template versions of a launch template. For example:

    XDHyp:\HostingUnits\test\test-mp-sard (lt-01xxxxx).launchtemplate> ls | Select FullPath
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  4. Create an identity pool if not created. For example:

    New-AcctIdentityPool `
-IdentityPoolName "abc11" `
-NamingScheme "abc1-##" `
-NamingSchemeType Numeric `
-Domain "citrix-xxxxxx.local" `
-ZoneUid "xxxxxxxx" `
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  5. Create a provisioning scheme with a launch template version as a machine profile input. For example:

    New-ProvScheme `
-ProvisioningSchemeName "MPLT1" `
-HostingUnitUid "c7f71f6a-3f45-4xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx" `
-IdentityPoolUid "bf3a6ba2-1f80-4xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxx" `
-MasterImageVM "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\xxxd-ue1a\apollo-non-persistent-vda-win2022 (ami-0axxxxxxxxxxx).template" `
-CleanOnBoot `
-MachineProfile "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\xxxx-ue1a\machineprofiletest (lt-01xxxxx).launchtemplate\lt-01xxxxx (1).launchtemplateversion"
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  6. Register provisioning scheme as a broker catalog. For example:

    New-BrokerCatalog -Name "MPLT1" `
-AllocationType Random `
-Description "Machine profile catalog" `
-ProvisioningSchemeId fe7df345-244e-4xxxx-xxxxxxxxx `
-ProvisioningType Mcs `
-SessionSupport MultiSession `
-PersistUserChanges Discard
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  7. Complete creating the catalog. For more information, see Citrix PowerShell SDK

You can also update the input of a machine profile catalog from a VM to a launch template version and from a launch template version to a VM. For example:

  • To update the input of a machine profile catalog from a VM to a launch template version:

     Set-ProvScheme -ProvisioningSchemeName "CloudServiceOfferingTest" `
 -MachineProfile "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\xxxx-ue1a\machineprofiletest (lt-0bxxxxxxxxxxxx).launchtemplate\lt-0bxxxxxxxxxxxx (1).launchtemplateversion"
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  • To update the input of a machine profile catalog from a launch template version to a VM:

     Set-ProvScheme -ProvisioningSchemeName "CloudServiceOfferingTest" `
 -MachineProfile "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\sard-ue1a\us-east-1a.availabilityzone\apollo-non-persistent-vda-win2022-2 (i-08xxxxxxxxx).vm"
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Encrypt OS and ID disks

You can create persistent and non-persistent catalog of VMs with AWS KMS keys (Customer managed key and AWS managed key) that can be used to encrypt OS disk and Identity disk.

  • AWS managed keys are automatically rotated every year.
  • Customer managed keys are optional for automatic rotation and can be managed manually.

You can see the following AWS documents for more information on KMS keys:

For encryption of OS and ID disks, configure one of the following:

  • Use a master image that is encrypted (for example, an AMI created from an instance or snapshot that contains a EBS root volume encrypted with KMS key)
  • Use a machine profile source (VM or launch template) that contains an encrypted EBS root volume.

Limitations

Consider the following limitations:

  • MCS currently supports only one disk on master image AMI.

  • You cannot directly encrypt existing unencrypted EBS volumes or snapshots, or modify the KMS key of an existing encrypted volume. To do that, you must:

    1. Create a new snapshot of that volume.
    2. Create a new volume from that snapshot.
    3. Encrypt the new volume.

See the following AWS documents:

Create a catalog with disk encryption

You can create an MCS machine catalog with disk encryption using:

  • Master image
  • Machine profile

Considerations while using machine profile input for disk encryption:

  • The KMS key of machine profile input takes precedence over the master image’s KMS key.
  • If no machine profile input is provided, then the KMS key of the master image AMI is used to encrypt the disks of catalog VMs.
  • If the machine profile has Block Device Mappings present, then the block devices present in the master image template (AMI) and machine profile must match. For example, if AMI has a device defined on /dev/sda1, then the Machine Profile must also have a device defined on /dev/sda1.
  • If there is no key in the machine profile source and master image is unencrypted, then disks of catalog VMs are not encrypted.
  • When the master image is encrypted, a machine profile source VM or launch template must have an encrypted root volume to be considered a valid input.

Modify an existing catalog

You can modify an existing catalog using Set-ProvScheme to have:

  • A machine profile input with a volume containing a new KMS key.
  • A master image template AMI encrypted with a new KMS key.

Important considerations

  • The volumes of new VMs added to the catalog are encrypted with the new KMS key.
  • To update encryption settings when there is an existing machine profile, run Set-ProvScheme with a new machine profile.
  • You cannot modify an existing catalog from having encrypted volumes to unencrypted volumes. You cannot do an image update from an encrypted master AMI to an unencrypted master AMI.

Enable NitroTPM and UEFI secure boot for VM instances

When creating a catalog, you can now select a master image (AMI) with NitroTPM and/or UEFI secure boot enabled. Accordingly, the provisioned VMs in the catalog are also enabled with NitroTPM and/or UEFI secure boot. This implementation ensures that the VMs are secured and trusted. For more information on NitroTPM and UEFI Secure Boot, see the Amazon documentation.

Limitations

  • You can use both NitroTPM and Secure Boot currently in all AWS Regions (including the AWS GovCloud (US) Regions) except China.
  • You cannot enable NitroTPM and UEFI secure boot on existing catalogs. If you want a catalog with NitroTPM and UEFI secure boot enabled, create a new catalog.

Key steps

  1. Set up your AWS environment.
  2. Create a connection to AWS.
  3. Create a master image (AMI) enabled with NitroTPM and/or UEFI secure boot.
  4. Create a machine catalog by selecting the master image with NitroTPM and UEFI secure boot enabled in Web Studio catalog creation menu or when creating a Provisioning Scheme using PowerShell commands.

VMs added to the created catalog have NitoTPM and UEFI secure boot enabled.

Create an AMI that supports NitroTPM and UEFI secure boot

  1. You can create an AMI from a VM that has NitroTPM and/or UEFI secure boot enabled.

    1. Create the instance from using the AWS marketplace images. Example, search for TPM-Windows_Server-2022-English-Full-Base on the aws-marketplace.
    2. Download single or multi session VDA.
    3. Create an AMI from that VM.

  2. Use the register-image command:

    --boot-mode (string)
--tpm-support (string)
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    For more information, see register-image.

See the following AWS documents:

You can open a PowerShell window from the Delivery controller host to check if a specific:

  • service offering supports NitroTPM or UEFI secure boot

     (Get-Item -Path “XDHyp:\HostingUnits\aws\T3 Medium Instance.serviceoffering”).AdditionalData.BootMode
 (Get-Item -Path “XDHyp:\HostingUnits\aws\T3 Medium Instance.serviceoffering”).AdditionalData.NitroTpmSupportVersions
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  • template supports NitroTPM or UEFI secure boot

     (Get-HypInventoryItem -LiteralPath “XDHyp:\HostingUnits\aws” -ResourceType “template -Id “ID”).AdditionalData.BootMode

 (Get-HypInventoryItem -LiteralPath “XDHyp:\HostingUnits\aws” -ResourceType “template -Id “ID”).AdditionalData.TpmSupport
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Update the service offering of existing catalog

You can change the service offering of an existing catalog using Set-ProvScheme. The change applies to the newly added VMs. However, you get errors in the following scenarios:

AMIs boot mode AMI supports Nitro TPM? Service offering supports NitroTPM and UEFI secure boot?
UEFI No No
Legacy BIOS Yes No
UEFI Yes No
UEFI Preferred Yes No

Filter VM instances

An AWS EC2 instance that you use as a machine profile VM must be compatible for the machine catalog to create and function correctly. To list the AWS EC2 instances that can be used as machine profile input VMs, you can use the Get-HypInventoryItem command. The command can page and filter the inventory of VMs available on a hosting unit.

Pagination:

Get-HypInventoryItem supports two modes of pagination:

  • Paging mode uses the -MaxRecords and -Skip parameters to return sets of items:
    • -MaxRecords: The default is 1. This controls how many items to return.
    • -Skip: The default is 0. This controls how many items to skip from the absolute beginning (or absolute end) of the list in the hypervisor.
  • Scrolling mode uses -MaxRecords, -ForwardDirection, and -ContinuationToken parameters to allow scrolling of the records:
    • -ForwardDirection: The default is True. This is used along with -MaxRecords to return either the next set of matching records or the previous set of matching records.
    • -ContinuationToken: The returns the items immediately after (or before if ForwardDirection is false) but not including the item given in the ContinuationToken.

Examples of pagination:

  • To return a single record of the machine template with the lowest name. The AdditionalData field has the TotalItemsCount and the TotalFilteredItemsCount:

     Get-HypInventoryItem -LiteralPath "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\ctx-test" -ResourceType template
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  • To return 10 records of the machine template with the lowest name:

     Get-HypInventoryItem -LiteralPath "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\ctx-test" -ResourceType template -MaxRecords 10 | select Name
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  • To return an array of records ending with the highest name:

     Get-HypInventoryItem -LiteralPath "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\ctx-test" -ResourceType template -ForwardDirection $False -MaxRecords 10 | select Name
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  • To return an array of records starting at the machine template associated with the given ContinuationToken:

     Get-HypInventoryItem -LiteralPath "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\ctx-test" -ResourceType template -ContinuationToken "ami-07xxxxxxxxxx" -MaxRecords 10
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Filtering:

The following additional optional parameters are supported for filtering. You can combine these parameters with the pagination options.

  • -ContainsName "my_name": If the given string matches part of an AMI name, then the AMI is included in the Get result. For example:

     Get-HypInventoryItem -LiteralPath "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\ctx-test" -ResourceType template -MaxRecords 100 -ContainName ‘apollo’ | select Name
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  • -Tags '{ "Key0": "Value0", "Key1": "Value1", "Key2": "Value2" }': If an AMI has at least one of these tags, it is included in the Get result. For example:

     Get-HypInventoryItem -LiteralPath "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\ctx-test" -ResourceType template -MaxRecords 100 -Tags '{"opex owner": "Not tagged"}' | select Name
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    Note:

    Two tag values are supported. Not Tagged tag value matches items which do not have the given tag in their list of tags. All values tag value matches items which have the tag regardless of the value of the tag. Otherwise, the match happens only if the item has the tag and the value equals to what is given in the filter.

  • -Id "ami-0a2d913927e0352f3": If the AMI matches the given ID, it is included in the Get result. For example:

     Get-HypInventoryItem -LiteralPath "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\ctx-test" -ResourceType template -Id ami-xxxxxxxxxxxxx
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Filtering on AdditionalData parameter:

The AdditionalData filter parameter lists templates or VMs based on their capability, service offering, or any property which is in AdditionalData. For example:

(Get-HypInventoryItem -ResourceType "launchtemplateversion" -LiteralPath "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\aws" -MaxRecords 200).AdditionalData
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You can also add a -Warn parameter to indicate the incompatible VMs. The VMs are included with an AdditionalData field named Warning. For example:

(Get-HypInventoryItem -ResourceType "launchtemplateversion" -LiteralPath "XDHyp:\HostingUnits\aws" -MaxRecords 200 -Template "ami-015xxxxxxxxx" -Warn $true).AdditionalData
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Where to go next

More information

Create an AWS catalog
November 19, 2024
Contributed by: 
C C
November 19, 2024
Contributed by: 
C C

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